10. Illustrations

List of illustrations derived from other sources; all figures not listed are by the author).

Frontispiece – The division of nature comprises four stages, according to the medieval scholar Honorius Augustodunensis in his ‘Clavis physicae’ (The Key of Nature). The manuscript is preserved in the Michelsberg Cloister near Bamberg, but was probably written in the area of the Meuse, mid-twelfth century (Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. 6734). The ‘materia informis’, or potential matter, consists of four faces. It is placed by Honorius in the triple division of the second stage of the (fourfold) division of nature, with Tempus to the left and Logos to the right.

Fig. 1 (p. 3) – The floating island of Laputa. SWIFT, Jonathan (1727). Voyages du captaine L. Gulliver en divers pays éloignez.

Fig. 2 (p. 8) – The notion of scale. RUKL, Antonin (1985). The Amateur Astronomer. An Observer’s Guide to the Universe. Ed. John Gribbin. Peerage Books.

Fig. 3 (p. 12) – The decision-tree of chess study by M.Botvinnik and S. Kaminer. BOTVINNIK, M.M. (1970). Computers, Chess and Long-Range Planning. Springer-Verlag, New York/Heidelberg. LC 75-85203

Fig. 4 (p. 15) – Division and movement as the main constituencies of a communication.

Fig. 5 (p. 18) – The ‘figure A‘, representing God. From the ‘Enciclopedia universal ilustrada’, Barcelona, 1923). Fig. 11 in: GARDNER, Martin (1953/1983). Logic Machines and Diagrams. The Harvester Press Limited. ISBN 0-7108-0409-1

Fig. 6 (p. 25) – The Faravahar or Farohar, the winged symbol of the Zoroastrians. NEKU, dr. H.P.B. – The Significance of Faravahar. http://www.the-south-asian.com/What is Zoroastrianism.htm  See also: Iran Photo Album. http://oznet.net/iran/farvahar.htm

Fig. 7 (p. 29) – The Trinity. Pl. X/III. In: BRAUNFELS, Wolfgang (1954). Die Heilige Dreifaltigkeit. Verlag L. Schwann, Düsseldorf. Also in: ENDRES, Franz C. & SCHIMMEL, Annemarie (1984). Das Mysterium der Zahl. Zahlensymbolik im Kulturvergleich. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-424-00829-X

Fig. 10 (p. 33) – An Ojibway medicine lodge parchment. DICKASON, Olive P. (1984). The Myth of the Savage And the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ISBN 0-88864-036-6

Fig. 11 (p. 34) – The five elements in the Chinese culture. ROSS, Kelley L. (1996/2000). The Greek, Indian & Chinese ele-ments. http://www.friesian.com/elements.htm

Fig. 13 (p. 38) – The Wigner-Seitz (WS) cell. http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/COURSES/F98-ESE511/L01.pdf

Fig. 14 (p. 40) – The symbol. Larch trees in the form of a swastika (60 x 60 meter) near Zernikokow (100 km north of Berlin). Photo Reuter-EPA. Haarlems Dagblad, 5 december 2000.

Ten kilometres north of Tash Bashat (41º 26’ 56” N, 76º 24’ 17” E) in Kyrgistan is a swastika-shaped forest said to have been planted by German prisoners of war under the noses of their Sovjet Captors.

Fig. 16 (p. 43) – The English philosopher John Locke (1632 – 1704).               www.constitution.org/img/John_Locke.jpg

Fig. 19 (p. 53) – Giambatista Vico (1668 – 1744). Institut culturel italien, New York. http://www.cmontmorency.qc.ca/sdp/philo/vico.html

Fig. 22 (p. 71) – An oil painting of Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) by Alexander Roslin (1775) in the portrait collection at Gripsholm Castle. (Wikipedia).

Fig. 52 (p. 135) – Transmutation among the four qualities. COPENHAVER, Brian P. (1978). Symphorien Champier and the Reception of the Occultist Tradition in Renaissance France. Mouton Publishers, The Hague. ISBN 90-279-7647-3

Fig. 53 (p. 142) – A portrait of Nicole Oresme. School of Mathematics and Statistics. University of St. Andrews, Scotland. JOC/EFR February 2000. http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/ Oresme.html

Fig. 54 (p. 148) – The unmanning of Saturn. Medieval woodcut. HENKEL, M.D. (1922). De houtsneden van Mansion’s ‘Ovide Moralisé’. Bruges 1484, Uitg. Kon. Oudheidkundig Genootschap, P.N. van Kampen & Zoon, Amsterdam.

Fig. 55 (p. 152) – A symbolic map based on the four division. STRAUSS, W.L. (1981). The Illustrated Bartsch, 80. Part I: Anonymous Artists, 1457 – 1475. Abaris Books, New York. Also: WOODWARD, D. (Ed.) (1975). Five Centuries of Map Printing. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago/London.

Fig. 56 (p. 155) – The molecular structure of DNA. http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/lm/nucleicaids/dna.html

Fig. 57 (p. 158) – The supernova of 1572 as seen by Tycho Brahe in the configuration of Cassiopeia. MURDIN, Paul & Allan, David (1979). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0 521 22859 X

Fig. 58 (p. 159) – The light curve of the doublestar Algol (beta Persei) in the configuration of Perseus.KÜHN, Ludwig (1982). The Milky Way. The Structure and Development of our Star System. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Fig. 59 (p. 161) – Light-curves of eclipsing binaries. ASIMOV, Isaac (1966/1971). The Universe. From Flat Earth to Quasar. Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondworth, Middlesex, England. ISBN 0 14 021212 4

Fig. 60 (p. 162) – Henrietta Leavitt (1868 – 1921). Photo Public Domain (Wikipedia). See also: History of Women in Astronomy (1992). Astronomical Society of the Pacific. http://cannon.sfsu.edu/~gmarcy/cswa/history/leavitt.html

Fig. 61 (p. 166) – Stonehenge. Drawing by Marten Kuilman after: http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6209/6152832947_1b678d2802_b.jpg

Fig. 62 (p. 167) – Ring of Brodgar (Orkney). Map drawn by Charles Calder. RCAHMS, 1929. RITCHIE, Graham (1988). The Ring of Brodgar. Pp. 337 – 350 in: RUGGLES, C.L.N. (Ed.) (1988). Records in Stone. Papers in Me-mory of Alexander Thom. Cambridge University Press, Cambrid-ge. ISBN 0 521 33381 4

Fig. 64 (p. 173) – The search for traces of the Deluge. BETTEX, Albert (1977). De ontdekking van de natuur (Die Entdeckung der Natur; Droemersche Verlagsanstalt Th. Knaur Nachf. München/Zürich). W. Gaade BV, Amerongen/Uitgeverij Septuaginta, Hoofddorp/ICOB CV, Hoofddorp. ISBN 90 6113 028 X

Fig. 67 (p. 190) – Some examples of Trilobites from various ages. CLARKSON, E.N.K. (1979). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. George Allen & Unwin, London. ISBN 0-04-560007-4

Fig. 70 (p. 196) – Various Ammonites (Snakestones) from Robert Hooke’s book ‘Discourse on Earthquakes’ (1703). In: DOTT, Robert H. & BATTEN, Roger L. (1971). Evolution of the Earth. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., New York. ISBN 0-7-017619-1

Fig. 72 (p. 201) – Ammonites of the Lias (Lower Jurrassic). Cephalopods: 1. Arietites bucklandi, SOW. 2. Echioceras raricos-tatum, ZIET. 3. Uptonia jamesoni, SOW. 4. Aegoceras (Andro-gynoceras) capricornu, SCHLOTH. 5. Amaltheus margaritatus, MONTF. 6. Dumortieria radians, REIN. Tafel 31, p. 197 in: BRINKMANN, Roland (1966). Abriss der Geologie. Begründet durch Emanuel Kayser. Zweiter Band. Historische Geologie. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.

Fig. 73 (p. 202) – The number of Ammonoid families is calculated from information in: MOORE, Raymond C. (1959/1997). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part L. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. The graphic representation is given in fig. 8.25, p. 180 of: CLARKSON, E.N.K. (1979). Invertebrate Palaeontolgy and Evolution. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London. ISBN 0-04-560007-4

Fig. 74 (p. 204) – The first signs of life. Grypania spiralis. KAUFFMAN, Stuart (1995). At Home in the Universe. The Search for Laws of Self-Organisation and Complexity. Viking/Penguin Group, London, ISBN 0-670-84735-6

Fig. 77 (p. 214) – The Ruff or Machetes pugnax. P. 553, fig. 37 in: DARWIN, Charles (1922). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London. Original etching in: BREHMS, Alfred E. (1864/1869). Illustriertes Tierleben (English title: Brehm’s Life of Animals). Hermann Julius Meyer, Bibliographisches Institut.

Fig. 82 (p. 227) – Spiral galaxy M31, our nearest neighbour. WEINBERG, Steven (1977/1983). The First Three Minutes. A modern view of the origin of the univers. (De eerste drie minuten. Nieuwe inzichten over het ontstaan van het heelal). Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. New York/Natuur en Techniek, Maastricht/Brussel. ISBN 90-70157322

Fig. 86 (p. 235) – Zhu Shijiei triangle, depth 8, 1303. P. 137 in: STILLWELL, J. (1989). Mathematics and its History. Also in: Ancient Chinese Mathematics (1996). Rebecca Stapleton and Tommasina Tripodi (University of South Australia). http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/pascal.htm

Fig. 92 (p. 257) – Sant’Andrea in Via Flaminia in Rome. P. 418 in: BUSSAGLI, Marco (1999). Rome. Kunst & Architecture. Köne-mann Verlag, Koln. ISBN 3-8290-5202-2. Drawing by Marten Kuilman after a photo in the book.

Fig. 93 (p. 263) – Savonarola’s art of a good death. Savonarola (Hieron.). Predica dell’arte del bene morire; Firenze, 1504. In: ESSLING, Prince d’ (1909). Les Livres a figures venitiens de la fin du Xve Siecle et du Commencement du XVIe. Librairie Leo S. Olschki, Florence/Librairie Henri Leclerc, Paris.